The old
adage of "Moderation in all things" has a great deal of merit for handgun
hunters. Moderate velocity plus moderate bullet diameter plus moderate bullet
weight has added up to quite a pile of venison in the freezer over the years.
Trajectories aren't overly curvaceous, chamber pressures aren't riding the "red
zone" and bullet cores aren't overly taxed. This formula has led to my
fascination with things .35 caliber. This is not an effort to get on the nearest
soapbox and preach some "sanctimonious higher inner truth" (which you may
abbreviate anyway you see fit), just an explanation of my own particular
fixation. Every shooter has their favorite cartridge, caliber, load, bullet and
phase of the moon. For my dollar, nothing covers the spectrum quite so
completely as .35 caliber. Starting with the diminutive .380 and climbing
through the ranks (which include such time-honored cartridges as the 9mm Parabellum, .38 Special, .357 Magnum, .35 Remington and .35 Whelen) to the
thunderous .358 Norma Magnum, most any shooting chore from thinning the local
gopher population to stopping a grizzly charge can be responsibly handled with a
.35 caliber firearm.
In
discussing this point of view with some of my bullet casting buddies, the
question arose of what the all-round bullet might look like. It would need
to be gas-checked so as to function at maximum cast bullet velocities. It
would need to be reasonably heavy in order to function as a big-game bullet.
It would need to have a flat point in order to maximize its effectiveness on
game. It would need to be a semi-wadcutter for Bullseye competition. And
clearly, it would need to be .35 caliber. Lyman recently started making
moulds for a 215 grain gas-checked SWC (mould #358627) in .35 caliber. Now
before you scoff at the idea of loading bullets of this weight in the dainty
.38 Special, remember that the original Police load consisted of a 200 grain
lead round nose.
In any
event, the mould was promptly purchased and a loading project was underway. I
enlisted the aid of friend Dan Adams to help out with the loading and shooting
"chores". Thousands of rounds later, this bullet just seems to get better and
better.
Casting
details first, the pistol bullets were cast from straight wheel-weights, and
were sized .358" (except as noted). With wheel-weight alloy, these bullets came
out of the mould weighing 216.3 +/- 1 grain (221.1 grains checked and lubed).
Only those bullets with visual defects were discarded (i.e. no weight
segregation was used for the pistol bullets). All bullets were lubed with
Thompson's Cold Bear Lube and gas-checked with Hornady crimp-on gas-checks.
Taking
measurements from the bullet and using the old Remington/DuPont wall charts, en
estimated ballistic coefficient of 0.285 was arrived at. Sectional density of a
220 grain .35 caliber bullet is 0.245.
The loading
was routine, but one comment should be made for the record, and that is that all
cases (both straight-walled and bottle-necked) need to be flared (an RCBS
.38/.357 flaring die was used for this data). The short-cut of not flaring cases
was tried with the initial .35 Remington test loads, and my 97 year-old
grandmother (grand old lady that she was) could throw bricks with better
accuracy than that ammo was capable of. Flare the cases. All loads employed a
healthy crimp. This bullet has two crimping grooves. The upper crimp groove
(i.e. the one resulting in the shorter overall cartridge length) was used for
the straight-walled pistol cartridges, whereas the lower crimping groove
(resulting in the longer overall cartridge length) was generally used for the
bottlenecked cartridges. In any case (pun intended, of course), five rounds were
loaded at what was deemed a suitable starting point. The ammo was shot for
accuracy and the load increased incrementally until the usual visual signs said
"Stop!". The starting load, the most accurate load and the maximum load were
then fired separately for velocity. These loads were safe in our guns and are
presented only as an accurate record of our findings. As always, start at the
low end and work up carefully. Without any further ado, let's get to the loading
data.
.38 Special
<38
Special load data>
The .38
Special is one of the most loaded cartridges in history. It is a relatively low
pressure cartridge, and the faster burning pistol powders are best suited for
this case. Accuracy of this cartridge is usually quite good, and this bullet was
no exception. Five shot groups at 25 yards were typically under 2 inches, and
usually much better, when fired from an open-sighted, rested revolver.
Velocities ran in the 500-700 fps range, as might be expected for a 6" revolver.
It's worth noting that Accurate Arms #2 gave a satisfying combination of good
accuracy and very consistent velocities. A general trend seems to be that this
bullet in .38 Special is most accurate around 625 fps.
Some of you
may be asking "What possible use could there be for a 220 grain SWC in .38
Special?". Windy day loads for outdoor Bullseye competition? Maybe. Custom
butchers typically employ two guns in their trade, a .22 rifle for the routine
jobs, and a "big gun" (traditionally a levergun in .25-20 or .32-20) for the
bigger tougher animals. In recent years, more than one custom butcher has
switched over to a Marlin levergun chambered for .357 Magnum and shoots .38
Special loads in it. The .38 Specials aren’t as loud as the .357 Magnums (and
therefore scare less of the barnyard stock), and are capable of all the
penetration needed for brain shots. The extra weight of this 220 grain SWC
should insure that the brain is reached in those thick-skinned and thick-skulled
critters that are sometimes encountered in this line of work. Carl Adams is in
his 70s and has been a custom butcher most of his life. He has killed more
animals than most hunters will ever see, so he was given a batch of this
ammo (loaded with 3.5 grains of Unique) to “field test”. Carl reported back to
say that both cattle and hogs dropped right now with this load. No
staggering, no wobbling; they simply turned into so much suspended mass for
gravity to act upon. Frontal brain shots typically liquefied the brain (“turned
it to mush” were Carl’s exact words), exploded the upper neck joint of the
spine, and then penetrated under the hide of the neck for several inches (for
about 15” of total penetration). Not surprisingly, recovered bullets showed no
expansion, only engraving from the rifling and nose scarring. He also reports
that this ammo is noticeably quieter than the .38 ammo he had been using
(undoubtedly because of the light powder charge).
.357 Magnum <357
Mag. load data>
The .357
Magnum was born as the “world’s most powerful handgun” cartridge, which at the
time was probably not the over-used cliché that it is today. It is an extremely
versatile and popular cartridge, both for personal protection and hunting.
Whether or not the .357 Magnum is an adequate big-game cartridge is a
long-standing argument. This 220 grain SWC could easily find use in the hunting
fields.
Some .357
Magnum brass is thicker than others in the lower portions of the case. Once this
long bullet is loaded into the case, all loaded rounds bulge somewhat and some
will not chamber. Load a dummy round first to make sure your lot of brass will
chamber in your gun once loaded. Federal nickel plated cases were used for the
test data. The medium to slow pistol powders gave the best results. Unique was
too fast -- pressures climbed too quickly while velocities were still low. With
powders slower than Unique, accuracy ranged from fair to excellent, with several
1” groups at 25 yards. Accuracy was generally best in the 1000 fps ballpark
(from a 6” barrel).
From a 6” revolver, 1100
fps was the upper velocity limit for the .357 Magnum.
Accurate Arms #7 proved to be the single most accurate load, putting five
shots into under 1” at 25 yards with 9.0 grain charges, and velocities
were quite respectable at over 1000 fps.
Another of
the more accurate loads was 10.0 grains of Accurate Arms #9. This load delivered
875 fps from a 2 1/2” revolver, 959 fps from a 6” and 1012 fps from and 8 3/8”
barrel. Firing this load in a 10” Contender gave 1096 fps. This load was field
tested on Montana jack rabbits over the summer. Launching this load from a 6”
S&W 686 consistently resulted in a solid “Thump!” and a 1/2” to 3/4” exit. Well
hit jacks were flattened instantly, while more poorly hit jacks never traveled
more than 20 yards.
Bullets
don’t need to be crimped in the Contender, so some test loads were assembled
seating the bullets out to where they just touched the lands (OAL = 1.725”).
Working up to 17.5 grains of Acc. Arms 1680, it was possible to achieve 1300
fps. It should be emphasized that this was possible only in the T/C and that
this load is not suitable for .357 Magnum revolvers. This is a heavily
compressed load and it was not possible to increase the load any further and
still maintain the 1.725” overall length.
As a
result, recourse was made to a slightly faster burning powder in order to
minimize powder bulk and maximize velocity. When these bullets were launched out
of a 10” iron-sighted Contender with 11.5 grains of Accurate Arms #9, accuracy
was outstanding (1.0” five shot groups at 25 yards), and velocities average 1221
fps. The maximum charge of 13.0 grains of AA #9 wasn’t too far behind in the
accuracy department at 1.3”, with truly impressive a (and consistent) velocities
averaging 1358 fps. Working up in similar fashion with W296 revealed a maximum
charge of 13.0 grains and a velocity of over 1400 fps! Again, these loads are
for the Contender only, with the 358627 seated to an OAL of 1.725”.
These
results should qualify the .35 Magnum as an adequate deer load out to about 75
yards in a suitably loaded Contender. There are some good ol’ boys down Georgia
way that I met when I lived down there that like to hunt feral hogs with .357
revolvers, and dollars to donuts says they’ll be real interested in this bullet.
This combination in the Contender could prove popular in silhouette circles as
well. Time will tell.
The .357
Maximum was created in order to convince any stubborn rams that they really
wanted to fall down. This 220 grain SWC at 1400+ fps should prove to be quite
convincing. In addition, this combination could prove to be a good handgun
hunting load for deer-sized game, out to perhaps 100 yards. The loads fired in
this Dan Wesson revolver were sized .356”. Accuracy of most of these load were
excellent (as seems to be the norm with DW revolvers), with several shooting
into 1” or less at 25 yards. Stick with the slower burning powders in the .357
Maximum, the medium burners delivered significantly less satisfying results with
this bullet. The overall winner seems to be Winchester 680, both in terms of
accuracy and velocity. Bulging cases were also observed in the .357 Maximum
loaded rounds, however in no cases did these minor bulges keep the rounds from
being chambered.
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Lyman
358627 & Remington 357 Maximum |
.35 Remington
<35 Rem load data>
The arthritic old .35
Remington has been with us since 1906 (a very good year for cartridges it
seems). Thank goodness! It may be old and decrepit, but year after year it
proves itself to be one helluva good hunting load by putting ton after ton of
venison into the deep freeze. With T/C chambering their Contender for this
venerable old-timer there has been a resurgence of interest in this cartridge in
recent years. Never meant as a long-distance proposition, the .35 Remington will
cleanly take deer out to 150 yards, and the 220 SWC fits into this philosophy
quite nicely. What’s more, with the penetration that this cast bullet is capable
of, black bear and elk are also fair game for this combination. Accuracy was
generally quite good, with all powders tested succeeding in shooting 1” 5-shot
groups at 50 yards from a 14” Contender with a 5x scope. The clear winner was
35.0 grains of IMR 4895 producing a 50 yards group consisting of one ragged hole
and averaging over 1800 fps.
Cartridges
for the Contender were loaded to OAL of 2.42” (i.e. crimped in the bottom crimp
groove). Assembled in this fashion, the bullet was lightly engraved upon closing
the action. This OAL was found to be too long to chamber in a Marlin 336 .35
Remington, so test loads assembled for the rifle were crimped in the upper crimp
groove (OAL = 2.30”). Loaded with 33.0 grains of IMR 3031, the rifle printed 2”
groups at 50 yards (open buckhorn sights), with velocities just over 1900 fps.
This OAL length was found to be too short to allow smooth functioning of the
action is the magazine was loaded (the carrier would hang up on the next round
in line), thereby limiting this load to double loading (i.e. one in the chamber,
one in the magazine), which worked very nicely.
.35 Whelen <load data>
The .35 Whelen is a
grand old cartridge, with a well-earned reputation as a serious hunter’s load.
This Lyman 220 grain SWC could be hard-pressed to find a better home than a .35
Whelen case. Early tests utilizing bullets cast with straight wheel-weights
revealed that velocities in excess of 1900 fps resulted in key-holing and
abysmally large groups (when lubed using commercial hard lube), thereby
revealing after the fact that the .35 Remington loads were pushing the
wheel-weight bullets to their limits. As a result, recourse was made to a harder
alloy consisting of 7 parts stereotype and 2 parts wheel-weights (this alloy is
approximately as hard as linotype). These bullets could be pushed up to about
2000 fps with very good accuracy. A general trend was noted in the rifle testing
-- groups would shrink as the load was increased until the 2000 fps mark was
reached, beyond which group size grew quickly. As a result, the loads listed are
the starting load and the most accurate load for a given powder. Surprisingly,
IMR 3031, traditionally a favorite in the .35 Whelen, provided very inconsistent
velocities with this bullet. Much more consistent velocities (and better
accuracy) was obtained with slower powders. The most accurate loads shot right
at, or just below, 2 MOA (using a 4x scope). The clear-cut winner was 43.0
grains of IMR 4895, giving an excellent combination of velocity and accuracy.
These
bullets were also employed in putting together “grouse loads”. For this purpose,
6.0 grains of Unique is hard to beat as it is quiet, very accurate and shoots to
the point of aim at 25 yards (when sighted in with full hunting loads). For
those who want a little more punch for their small game loads, 20 grains of IMR
4198 is also a good choice. Both loads are accurate and generate little noise
and recoil.
This may
not be the ideal cast bullet for all applications, but it will comfortably
handle grouse, ground squirrels, mule deer and moose, just depending on how it’s
served. I’d say that qualifies it as a candidate for all-round cast bullet. It
serves well for paper-punching, silhouette tumbling and for slaughter around the
farm. It’s there for springtime plinking, summertime varmint shooting fall meat
gathering and winter hide hunting. Truly, a cast bullet for all seasons.
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